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Even though I have my differences with Nordhaus’ approach, it is surely significant that the guy who just won the Nobel Prize for his work on climate change has developed a model that shows the U.N.’s latest target is impossible and would be a cure far worse than the disease.

“Experts” are those who have published on social discount rates in good academic journals in the field. In fact, experts deviate a very long way from the Ramsey Rule in their individual choice of social discount rates for a range of reasons – this is one of the main findings of our paper. There is also no allowing for a benefit of higher CO2. The Social discount rate should be equal to your long term inflation assumption… which generally would be around 2%… that way you are only measuring real effects. Economists. This is a far more serious and difficult challenge, because climate change cannot be eliminated at the stroke of a pen (or with a tax on capital). Yes, the OMB rate is real (my article said “The earlier WUWT article cites the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) real social discount rate of 7%”) but is not the rate recommended by the Interagency Working Group on the Social Cost of Carbon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

Yet to remind the reader, in order to limit warming to 2.5°C, in 2030 we’d need a carbon tax of $351 per ton. In Reflections on the Economics of Climate Change (1993), he states: "Mankind is playing dice with the natural environment through a multitude of interventions – injecting into the atmosphere trace gases like the greenhouse gases or ozone-depleting chemicals, engineering massive land-use changes such as deforestation, depleting multitudes of species in their natural habitats even while creating transgenic ones in the laboratory, and accumulating sufficient nuclear weapons to destroy human civilizations. Any long term discount rate applied to any telecomm investment before the cellphone/internet revolution enabled by Moore’s law produced a meaningless result. Discount rates and emissions trading, of course, have present policy relevance. Nordhaus has written on the economics of climate change.

It is simply not possible for there just to be costs. You are 100% certain to succeed if you buy the air-conditioner, while the international governments are 0% certain to succeed if you give them your air-conditioner money. More important than the discount rate is really how you value the future costs related to not addressing warming. It’s counterintuitive to me that the discount rate should be *reduced* by future uncertainity. You test the hypothesis before you set up a full extraction platform, processing plant, and oil line to the nearest port. But working out how to ask the questions is really not straight forward if you need to get meaningful answers quickly (and neither is getting sufficient access to expertise within financial institutions).

I see Mark Freeman has already answered this: “…forecast real global growth per capita per annum = 1.6%…”. And no one does know. improved agriculture will cut starvation now and in the future.

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