Only the upper half of the tail fin is long, the lower is much more proportional to the size of the shark. [19] Unlike the pelagic and bigeye threshers, the common thresher lacks an orbital rete mirabile to protect its eyes and brain from temperature changes. Some evidence shows the California subpopulation is recovering, and the potential population growth rate has been estimated to be 4–7% per year. They sometimes use their tails to stun their prey or, by thrashing the water, to frighten it. [2] The heaviest individual on record is a 4.8 m (16 ft) female that weighed 510 kg (1,120 lb). The upper caudal fin lobe is enormously elongated as is characteristic of threshers, measuring about as long as the rest of the shark; the thin, gently curving lobe is held at a steep upward angle and has a notch in the trailing margin near the tip. [12][15], The United States manages common thresher fisheries by regulations such as commercial quotas and trip limits, and recreational minimum sizes and retention limits. These "clever" behaviors, which have not been borne out by science, led the ancient Greeks to call it alopex (meaning "fox"), on which its modern scientific name is based. The easiest way to recognize a thresher shark is their excessively long tail. Thresher sharks are found in tropical and temperate seas throughout the world. [2][5] The closest relative of this species within the family may be a fourth, unrecognized thresher shark species off Baja California, reported from allozyme evidence by Blaise Eitner in 1995.
It is known that thresher populations of the Indian Ocean are separated by depth and space according to sex.
[citation needed] All three thresher shark species have been listed as vulnerable to extinction by the World Conservation Union since 2007 (IUCN). Most divers report that they are shy and difficult to approach under water.
[17] Like the fast-swimming sharks of the family Lamnidae, the common thresher has a strip of aerobic red muscle along its flank that is able to contract powerfully and efficiently for long periods of time. This structure is a strip of red muscle along each of its flanks, which has a tight network of blood vessels that transfer metabolic heat inward towards the core of the shark, allowing it to maintain and regulate its body heat. It can be distinguished from the latter species by the white of its belly extending in a band over the bases of its pectoral fins. In the Atlantic, threshers are primarily taken on longlines meant for swordfish and tuna. This article was most recently revised and updated by, Florida Museum of Natural History - Thresher Shark, Pelagic Shark Research Foundation - Thresher Sharks, Australian Museum Online - Thresher Shark, thresher sharks - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). [2], The specific epithet vulpinus is derived from the Latin vulpes meaning "fox", and in some older literature the species name was given incorrectly as Alopias vulpes.
[citation needed] This species feeds mainly on small schooling forage fishes such as herrings and anchovies.
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