View details for Web of Science ID A1992GY12600024. By contrast, glycogen levels in the cortex of Adx+ rats increased by 43% (P < 0.001) after SD, while other regions were unaffected. This suggests that a critical feature of the action of GCs on neurons might be the inhibition of glucose utilization (which is a hallmark of peripheral GC action). We then examined its effects on spatial and nonspatial memory consolidation and retrieval using the object placement and object recognition task. Here we report a possible metabolic mechanism underlying this phenomenon. Joachim Krueger, Ph.D., is a social psychologist at Brown University who believes that rational thinking and socially responsible behavior are attainable goals.
Dweck showed that in the United States, kids who were praised for successful work with reference to their talent will work less hard in the following, whereas kids who are praised for their effort will work harder. Considerable attention has focused on the therapeutic transfer of genes with viral vectors into neurons for the purpose of protecting against neurological insults. Plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels were measured after short periods of sleep deprivation in rats at postnatal days 12, 16, 20, and 24. In this review, I consider how rank can also influence physiology and health. Phosphorylation levels of PTEN, Akt, and Akt substrate decreased before apoptotic cytochrome c release and degradation of microtubule-associated protein-2, a marker of neuronal survival. View details for Web of Science ID 000087951500013. In our innate primate dance with status, gossip momentarily puts us on even footing with the alphas. Nair, S. M., Karst, H., Dumas, T., Phillips, R., Sapolsky, R. M., Rumpff-van Essen, L., Maslam, S., LUCASSEN, P. J., Joels, M. The frontal cortex and the criminal justice system, Restructuring the neuronal stress response with anti-glucocorticoid gene delivery. We used a herpes simplex viral vector to express a chimeric steroid receptor ("ERGR") which binds glucocorticoids yet transduces their actions into estrogenic effects. Finally, overexpression of both transgenes in the respective cell types provided more protection than either therapy alone, demonstrating that a dual-cell, dual-gene therapy approach gives greater neuroprotection than the conventional single-cell, single-gene strategy. primate minds with stimulating gyrations of hierarchy and affiliation (who is View details for Web of Science ID 000083814300006. Munhoz, C. D., Sorrells, S. F., Caso, J. R., Scavone, C., Sapolsky, R. M. Gene therapy in rodent amygdala against fear disorders, Expression of chimeric estrogen-glucocorticoid-receptor in the amygdala reduces anxiety, Neighbor effects of neurons bearing protective transgenes.
Since the main products of cellular metabolism are lactic acid and carbon dioxide, this instrument affords an indirect but sensitive measure of cellular metabolism. We also show that BLA lesions prevent selective activation of immature newborn neurons in response to a fear-conditioning task. We now demonstrate that overexpression of Hsp70 in hippocampal CA1 neurons reduces evidence of protein aggregation under conditions where neuronal survival is increased. A point to point subtraction of the control slice values gave representative calcium fluorescence values. Zhao, H., Yenari, M. A., Cheng, D., Barreto-Chang, O. L., Sapolsky, R. M., Steinberg, G. K. A pacific culture among wild baboons: its emergence and transmission. As a potential way to address this, we developed a protein delivery system modeled after the endogenous immune cell response to brain injury. Negative-feedback regulation. In our studies, ex vivo-derived dendritic cells (exDCs) migrate to the inflamed rat brain soon after tMCAO onset and the number of cells that remain in the brain after injection is significantly correlated with the amount of local inflammation at the injury site. Three months later, there was a significant 26% loss of dentate neurons in a subset of rats.
Liu, L., Li, Q., Sapolsky, R., Liao, M., Mehta, K., Bhargava, A., Pasricha, P. J. In this paper we present a method for conducting experiments and analyzing data that decreases interference from autofluorescence. Ischemic injury and reperfusion increases superoxide (O2-) production and reduces the ability of neurons to scavenge free radicals, leading to the release of cytochrome c and apoptosis. When expressed in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), ERGR reduced anxiety, as tested on elevated plus-maze and open field, without affecting conditioned fear, another amygdala-dependent behavior.
Without face-to-face feedback in a community—reality testing—our compass drifts. Dinkel, K., Macpherson, A., Sapolsky, R. M. Gene therapy and hypothermia for stroke treatment. We consider the following: 1) rationales for anesthetizing a wild primate; 2) systems for the delivery of anesthetic and choice of anesthetic; 3) the darting process itself and issues relevant to the period between darting and the safe removal of the animal; 4) handling of an anesthetized primate; 5) medical complications associated with darting; 6) when to reanesthetize an animal; 7) the process of recovery from anesthesia and release of an awake animal; 8) safety issues for humans. These results suggest that nuclear compartmentalization may play a role in the down-regulation of our reporter gene by means of peripheralization, extrusion, and/or degradation. We were able to rule out a number of possible proximal explanations for the rank-IGF-I correlation: 1) the correlation was not a function of age (which involves both an adolescent spurt in IGF-I concentrations as well as a decline in concentrations in aged individuals); 2) the IGF-I suppression in subordinate individuals could not be explained by the basal hypercortisolism typical of such subordinate animals; and 3) neither differences in the quality or quantity of food consumed, in basal testosterone concentrations, nor in genetics could explain the rank difference. In support of the idea of postmortem decay of these receptors, binding in slices of primate temporal cortex left at room temperature declined approximately 50% by 6 h postmortem. As a biologist, Sapolsky believes that all experience and behavior, as well our unconscious doings, are features of biological (wet) activity of the brain (which culture and experience can mold and modulate). View details for DOI 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.100, View details for Web of Science ID 000324126400009. Morning samples were analyzed by radioimmunoassay for levels of the stress hormones cortisol and prolactin, and group hormone profiles were compared by analysis of variance. Works, M. G., Koenig, J. Berkshire Billionaire Found With More Shares Than ... Live from the Bakken: A year in America's oil patch, On the Origin of Celebrity – By Robert Sapolsky, Learning from Superinvestors: The Wisdom of Tom Russo, Hussman Weekly Market Comment: Baby Steps. Anthropologist Christopher Boehm has studied status relations in traditional societies, demonstrating how members of hunter-gatherer bands are fiercely egalitarian, constantly on the lookout for some miscreant who is being domineering in their opinions or hogging food. Yet, letting elephants know that we deny them free will, does not turn them rogue. We further discuss how glucocorticoids cause or exacerbate cellular changes associated with hippocampal neuron loss in the context of the events listed above.
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