A Magna Curia Regis a 16.-18. századi ostromok során pusztult el. And thus with the Norman conquest began with the development of the common law system. [xxix] Parliament of England, Britannica, available at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_England , last seen 14/07/2017. [xxxvi], The costs of procedure were lower than in common-law proceedings and it was designed to accommodate small civil claims by the poor and fines and sentences of imprisonment were the usual punishment.[xxxvii]. La funzione essenziale dei ‘Commons’ consiste nel presentare le petizioni dei sudditi al re e ai Lords, e nel consentire alle tasse che colpiscono tutta la popolazione. [xlviii] Common Law, Britannica, available at https://www.britannica.com/topic/common-law#toc40227, last seen on 16/07/2017. A significant proportion of disputed in the common-law courts were related to the occupation of land and thus, the land law was the earliest area of law to elaborate a detailed set of substantive rules, eventually summarized in the first “textbook” of English law, Littleton’s Tenures, written by Sir Thomas Littleton and originally published in 1481. [xxxi] The defendant had to make a sworn statement to the chancellor about the whole affair and give answers under oath to his questions. These judges in ‘Eyre’, created by Henry II, were travelling judges going around investigating places at regular intervals. Ruggero per primo introdusse la figura del giustiziere provinciale e dei tre distretti siciliani di Val Demone, Val di Noto, Val di Mazara ed una Camera civile in Val di Girgenti al di là del fiume Salso determinando le provincie dei magistrati giuridici-economici[3]. ¢ : ORIGINI DEL PARLAMENTO INGLESE
E’ una derivazione/articolazione della Curia regis (Council) come organo originariamente onnicompetente in ogni ramo di governo (Iurisdictio/Gubernaculum)
XI-XII secolo:
CURIA REGIS
Magna Curia o Privy Council Corti di Westminster
Parlamento ( Organo consultivo del re) (amministrazione tecnica
della Giustizia)
1‘Ad tractandum’
2 Esame delle petizioni
(Wrongs and grievances)
In origine è composto solo da ‘magnati’ (lords spirituali e temporali, ‘tenentes in capite’): sono loro i veri consiglieri giuridici del sovrano. Curia, plural Curiae, in European medieval history, a court, or group of persons who attended a ruler at any given time for social, political, or judicial purposes. The establishment of the Inns of Court and the English Bar further established law as a profession. The Magna Carta promised the protection of church rights, protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and limitations on feudal payments to the Crown. Il re Ruggero II volle come esempio di modello monarchico, costituire degli uffici deputati alla corona reale per esercitare la giurisdizione. [xv] The members of the court were known as ‘justices’ and in the king’s absence the justiciar presided over the court. Venne istituita intorno al 1140 dal re Ruggero II di Sicilia che modificò la struttura amministrativa, centrale e periferica, di cui si era servito fino ad allora nella contea di Sicilia: l'espressione curia regis, documentata per la prima volta nel 1145, indicava il corpo "riformato" dei funzionari del re che aveva sede nel palazzo reale di Palermo.
Thus, his greatest works restated the common law in acceptable form and did much to preserve it. The Institutes of the Laws of England, published between 1628 and 1644 dealt with the law of real property, medieval statutes, criminal law( pleas of the crown) and jurisdiction of the courts.
[viii] Curia Regis, Wikipedia, available at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curia_regis ,last seen on 10/07/2017. • Admission to the bar was made conditional on the legal knowledge of the applicant. The Statute restricted the ability of the monarch to grant patents. Under the King came the aristocratic tenants in chief or intermediate tenants or mesne and under them came the tenant “in demesne” who actually occupied the property.
From that group evolved the justices in eyre, who possessed a mixed administrative and judicial jurisdiction. [xii] Courts and the Development of the Common Law, Uni study guides, available at http://www.unistudyguides.com/wiki/Courts_and_the_development_of_the_common_law ,last seen 09/07/2017. Bracton introduced the common law approach of Mens Rea, the intention to commit the crime in English Law. Jeremy Bentham spearheaded this reform movement and was determined to reform the whole law along radical lines. Common grounds for relief, however, came to be recognized. Ñ 0 B # R ! The Act was a bold attempt to reduce the confusion and the consequent inefficiency of the courts that had specific powers of jurisdiction throughout England.[li].
Initially, this court’s justices like the other members of the Curia, followed the king’s court from place to place, but Magna Carta (1215) provided for the court’s establishment in one place and it thus became a stationary judicial body. These reforms were carried out into action during the 19th century. [iv] Roman law, which had already been preserved in the Canon Law by way of cultural influences, thus, made its influence on the development of the English Common law system. L'autorità generale ed ampia della magna curia era affiancata dalla Curia dei pari. Passed in the later Stuart period, the statute was the result of the response to the growth of literacy and the prevalence of perjury and fraud. [xxvii] Parliament of England, Britannica, available at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_England , last seen 14/07/2017. [xli] The series of legal treatises are recognized as a foundational document of the common law and they have been cited in cases decided by the Supreme Court of United States[xlii], such as Roe v Wade[xliii] and United States v. E.C. Being mainly based on a history of judges’ decisions rather than relying on statutes and codes[ii], it stands in perfect contrast to the legal system derived from civil law, now widespread in Continental Europe and elsewhere. Béla magyar király alapított a tatárjárás után 1255-ben és rövid megszakításokkal Buda várának török megszállásáig működött. Nella Magna Curia con l'istituzione di magistrati e giustizieri provinciali siciliani veniva assicurata la libertà civile dei sudditi e si formava una autorità giudiziaria, perfezionata dalla figura del maestro giustiziere che aveva facoltà di avocarvi sia cause civili che penali e di decidere in base agli scritti del diritto.
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