[60], The task of the order's advisory council is to evaluate the nominations of potential inductees, decide if the candidates are worthy enough to be accepted into the order, and make recommendations to the governor general, who appoints the new members. The Order of Canada is how our country honours people who make extraordinary contributions to the nation. [58], At certain periods, holders of the order were presented with other awards, usually commemorative medals. The establishment of the Order of Canada came just in time for the country’s centennial celebrations in 1967. [23] As of January 2020[update], there have been 25 honorary appointments. [47] The Queen, Sovereign of the Order of Canada, approved the augmentation of her royal arms for Canada with the order's ribbon in 1987. It was a concept he would later reintroduce, again without success, during the early stages of the Second World War. Pearson yielded and agreed that the Order of Canada would consist of one level only, and Cabinet finally agreed to allow the plan to go forward. [68], Victoria Cross recipient Cecil Meritt cited the fact that he already held Canada's highest decoration as a reason not to be admitted to the Order of Canada. [40], The badges for inductees are of a similar design to the sovereign's badge, though without precious stones, and slight differences for each grade.
Ottawa, Details about the inaugural investiture and investiture dinner are covered on the page [55], Any of the three levels of the Order of Canada are open to all living Canadian citizens,[56] except all federal and provincial politicians and judges while they hold office. [6] During a visit to London, United Kingdom, later in 1970, Michener presented the Queen with her Sovereign's badge for the Order of Canada,[7] which she first wore during a banquet in Yellowknife in July 1970. For civilian wear, a lapel pin is worn on the jacket, which is designed as a miniature of the medallion. Naomi Griffiths.
Anyone removed from the order is required to return their insignia. [69][70] In 1993, the Advisory Council proposed an amendment to the constitution of the Order of Canada, making the sovereign's spouse automatically a Companion, but Prince Philip again refused, stating that if he was to be appointed, it should be on his merits.
[98], At a 2006 conference on Commonwealth honours, Christopher McCreery, an expert on Canada's honours, raised the concern that the three grades of the Order of Canada were insufficient to recognize the nation's very best; one suggestion was to add two more levels to the order, equivalent to knighthoods in British orders. Sir Federick Banting, co-discoverer of Insulin who was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1934, while his compatriot Charles Best was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the same honours list. Contact page, Research and International Year in Review, Office of the Vice-President (Research and International). Appointees are presented with insignia and receive the right to armorial bearings.
K1S 5B6, Canada First Investiture & Dinner. [66] Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, was in 1982 offered appointment to the order as an honorary Companion; however, he refused on the grounds that, as the consort of the Queen, he was a Canadian and thus entitled to a substantive appointment. Lester Pearson's vision of a three-tiered structure to the order was thus fulfilled. Over the next six months various changes were made to the proposal, and the constitution was developed. The ribbon is white and bordered in red stripes, similar to the Canadian national flag; the chest ribbon is the same for each grade, save for a metallic maple leaf in the centre, the colour of which matches that on the badge of the grade that the wearer was appointed to. Some have resigned or have been removed from the order, while other appointments have been controversial.
[97] Journalist Henry Aubin in the Montreal Gazette opined that the council's rejection of Somerville, her personal opposition to same-sex marriage, and the acceptance of Brent Hawkes, Jane Rule, and Jean Chrétien, all regarded as supporting same-sex unions, as well as the appointment of a controversial figure such as Morgentaler, were all signs that the Advisory Council operated with partisan bias. [2] The three tiers of the order are Companion, Officer, and Member; specific individuals may be given extraordinary membership and deserving non-Canadians may receive honorary appointment into each grade. Rabbi Reuven Bulka. Massey had also proposed a Canadian order called the Order of St. Lawrence, consisting of two levels, Companion and Officer. The council is chaired by the Chief Justice of Canada, and includes the Clerk of the Queen's Privy Council, the Deputy Minister of Canadian Heritage, the Chair of the Canada Council for the Arts, the President of the Royal Society of Canada, the Chair of the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada, and five members of the order who sit on the council for a three-year period. You can click HERE for a PDF of the French edition. Monique Frize. The idea of creating a Canadian order can be traced back to 1823 and Lord Bathurst, who was then Britain’s colonial secretary.
His Order of Canada citation reads, Professor and Head, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research. ", "McGill ethicist refused OC because she was 'too controversial, Canadian Medals Chart: Orders, Decorations and Medals, Order of Canada 50th anniversary history website, Orders, decorations, and medals of Canada, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Order_of_Canada&oldid=982734859, Orders of chivalry awarded to heads of state, consorts and sovereign family members, All Wikipedia articles written in Canadian English, Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2020, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from August 2017, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 1997, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Established in 1967 by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, the Order of Canada is the cornerstone of the Canadian Honours System, and recognizes outstanding achievement, dedication to the community and service to the nation.
The order of precedence also came under scrutiny, particularly the anomaly that all three grades of the Order of Canada supersede the top levels of each of the other orders (except the Order of Merit), contrary to international practice. The association was officially launched on 1 July 1967, the 100th anniversary of Canadian Confederation, with Governor General Roland Michener being the first inductee to the order, to the level of Companion,[5] and on 7 July of the same year, 90 more people were appointed, including former Governor General Vincent Massey, former Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent, novelist Hugh MacLennan, religious leader David Bauer, novelist Gabrielle Roy, historian Donald Creighton, feminist politician and future senator Thérèse Casgrain, pioneering neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield, painter Arthur Lismer, public health leader Brock Chisholm, former political leader M. J. Coldwell, disability advocate Edwin Baker, painter Alex Colville, and ice hockey superstar Maurice Richard.
While extensive lists of recipients were composed, the medal was never awarded. In total, thirty-five Companions and fifty-five Medals of Service were appointed that month. [66] Smallwood was never knighted and later accepted induction as a Companion. The origins of the Order of Canada as we know it today can clearly be traced back to Vincent Massey, whose persistence and ideas played such a central role in the creation of a uniquely Canadian honour which he initially styled the Order of St. Lawrence. [64] The identities of those individuals who have declined induction since the 1970s are kept confidential, so the full list is not publicly known. Lord Alexander, Canada’s Governor General from 1946 to 1952, called for the creation of a Order of Canada in 1948, but this too failed, although he did come up with the ribbon design used by the Order of Canada today.
[57], Pro-choice activist Henry Morgentaler's appointment to the order on 1 July 2008 not only marked the first time the Advisory Council had not been unanimous in its decision, but also proved to be one of the most controversial appointments in the order's history. Raising of the new National Flag of Canada.
As of 2016[update], seven people have been removed from the Order of Canada:[82] Alan Eagleson, who was dismissed after being jailed for fraud in 1998;[83] David Ahenakew, who faced calls for his removal due to antisemitic comments he made in 2002;[84] T. Sher Singh, after the Law Society of Upper Canada found him guilty of professional misconduct and revoked his licence to practise law;[85] Steve Fonyo, due to "his multiple criminal convictions, for which there are no outstanding appeals";[86][87] Garth Drabinsky, who was found guilty of fraud and forgery in Ontario and has been a fugitive from American law for related crimes;[88][89] Conrad Black, who was convicted in the United States in 2007 of fraud and obstruction of justice;[90] and Ranjit Chandra, whose scientific work was discredited by allegations of fraud. A second list of fifteen Companions and forty-five Medals of Service was issued in December 1967.
[33], Members of the Order of Canada (post-nominals: CM, in French: Membre de l'ordre du Canada) have made an exceptional contribution to Canada or Canadians at a local or regional level, group, field or activity. Raising of the new National Flag of Canada "[2] Each of the six to eight hundred nominations submitted each year,[57] by any person or organization, is received by the order's Advisory Council, which, along with the governor general, makes the final choice of new inductees, typically by consensus rather than a vote;[57] a process that, when conceived, was the first of its kind in the world. More than a year after the adoption of the Maple Leaf flag — with tensions still high — Pearson and Matheson discussed the possible structure of a Canadian order. In 2013, the constitution of the Order of Canada was amended in a way that permitted the substantive appointment of Royal Family members and Prince Philip accepted induction as the first extraordinary Companion of the Order of Canada on 26 April 2013. Mackenzie King was not enthusiastic about the prospect of reintroducing honours in Canada, let alone creating an indigenous award. Rideau Hall stated that selling medals was "highly discouraged"; however, the owner continued efforts to sell the insignia via the internet.
Since the 1991 investiture of Ted Rogers, Order of Canada instalment ceremonies have been broadcast on various television channels and the Internet; recipients are given a complimentary video recording of their investiture ceremony from Rogers Cable. The Right Honourable R.B. Bennett, who championed the use of honours to recognize exemplary citizenship.
The yet-unnamed order was to consist of three levels: Companion, Member & Associate. The original insignia would be manufactured by the Crown Jewellers Garrard & Company. [17] Each incumbent governor general is also installed as the Principal Companion for the duration of his or her time in the viceregal post and continues as an extraordinary Companion thereafter. For Companions, the emblem is gilt with a red enamel maple leaf in the central disk; for Officers, it is gilt with a gold maple leaf; and for Members, both the badge itself and the maple leaf are silver. Since its creation in 1967—Canada’s centennial year—more than 7 000 people from all sectors of society have been invested into the Order. Mackenzie King would be the first Canadian appointed to the highest Canadian/Commonwealth non-titular honour for achievement, the Order of Merit. Phone: 613-520-7838 By late 1967 the first official publication about the Order of Canada was released by the Governor General’s Office.
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